Here is a new development from USA reported by the New York Times, “Frank Talk About Care at Life’s End“:
Last week, over the objections of New York State’s Medical Society, Gov. David A. Paterson signed into law a bill — the New York Palliative Care Information Act — requiring physicians who treat patients with a terminal illness or condition to offer them or their representatives information about prognosis and options for end-of-life care, including aggressive pain management and hospice care as well as the possibilities for further life-sustaining treatment.
The report also quoted the recent article in New England Journal of Medicine (see our blog) along with an October 2008 study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, in which Boston researchers found that patients who had end-of-life discussions with their physicians:
were more likely to accept that their illness was terminal, prefer medical treatment focused on relieving pain and discomfort over life-extending therapies, and have completed a do-not-resuscitate order.
The bill was developed by Compassion and Choices, calling the decision “A Sea Change in End-of-Life Care” in the Huffington Post:
The bill, developed by Compassion & Choices in concert with our New York affiliate, passed the Assembly and Senate by large margins, but the governor’s signature remained in doubt because the Medical Society of New York pressed him for a veto. The Society’s inane claim that doctors who ask if their patients want to talk about palliative care, won’t also “fight” for their patients or “go the extra mile” to “aggressively recommend treatment options” defies both common sense and medical research. – Read more…
Where is New York State?
Dr Michael Minton comments on an article in The New Yorker by Dr Atul Gawande:
“This is a very insightful article by an American surgeon who as a result of his concerns about how modern medicine can poorly serve the terminally ill patient, takes a journey of discovery and researches what the palliative care approach has to offer his patients.”
LETTING GO: What should medicine do when it can’t save your life?
by Atul Gawande, The New Yorker – 2/8/10
Sara Thomas Monopoli was pregnant with her first child when her doctors learned that she was going to die. It started with a cough and a pain in her back. Then a chest X-ray showed that her left lung had collapsed, and her chest was filled with fluid. A sample of the fluid was drawn off with a long needle and sent for testing. Instead of an infection, as everyone had expected, it was lung cancer, and it had already spread to the lining of her chest. Her pregnancy was thirty-nine weeks along, and the obstetrician who had ordered the test broke the news to her as she sat with her husband and her parents. The obstetrician didn’t get into the prognosis—she would bring in an oncologist for that—but Sara was stunned. Her mother, who had lost her best friend to lung cancer, began crying.
The doctors wanted to start treatment right away, and that meant inducing labor to get the baby out. For the moment, though, Sara and her husband, Rich, sat by themselves on a quiet terrace off the labor floor. It was a warm Monday in June, 2007. She took Rich’s hands, and they tried to absorb what they had heard. Monopoli was thirty-four. She had never smoked, or lived with anyone who had. She exercised. She ate well. The diagnosis was bewildering. “This is going to be O.K.,” Rich told her. “We’re going to work through this. It’s going to be hard, yes. But we’ll figure it out. We can find the right treatment.” For the moment, though, they had a baby to think about.
Read the full article at The New Yorker…
Dr Minton continues…
“He learns that patients who have the opportunity to receive palliative care alongside their anticancer treatment fared better than those who had treatment (usually chemotherapy) alone. The former patients used hospital and intensive care (ICU) less. They were more likely to achieve their wishes which often included being able to die at home. Their carers at 6 months after the death were better emotionally adjusted. The surgeon was also surprised to learn that in some groups of patients (eg cancer of lung and pancreas) even lived longer than those receiving palliative chemotherapy. He had previously believed that patients choosing palliative care always died sooner.
He came to appreciate that the majority of people are prepared to discuss their wishes for the future and write advance directives. In particular he was amazed to realise that carefully conducted consultations can help patients, families, and their doctors identify the expectations and anxieties which enable more patient orientated care to be given. He concludes that doctors must be prepared to discuss end of life issues and help patients plan for their future even while pursuing further treatment.
He highlights a hospice doctor who reminds him that effective communication is an acquired skill and requires no less experience than performing a surgical operation. The key features of an interview are to allow and facilitate the patient to explore their understanding of the illness and prognosis, including anxieties about the future. This requires the doctor to actively listen and acknowledge these concerns without necessarily trying to provide all the answers.
This is an honest and revealing article of a surgeon who stops to think about his dying patients and learns what palliative care can offer his patients. I urge you to encourage any sceptical colleagues to read the article.”
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Dr Atul Gawande
Dr Gawande has written some eye-opening articles on the US healthcare system. Read them at the The New Yorker website and many others on Gawande.com - including the commencement speech to graduates at the Stanford School of Medicine: “The Velluvial Matrix”
A study in The New England Journal of Medicine reported that among 151 patients with newly diagnosed metastatic lung cancer, those who received palliative care along with standard cancer therapy had better outcomes. They:
- Had a better quality of life
- Experienced less depression
- Were less likely to receive aggressive end-of-life care
- Lived nearly three months longer than those who received cancer treatment alone
Download the PDF report here…
India has the 4th largest GDP in the world, but, in terms of providing palliative care, it ranks even lower than Uganda – an economy 90 times smaller than that of India.
In a few years, those aged above 65 years would soon outnumber children under the age of 5; by 2030, their population would touch a billion… a burgeoning section of society whose demands on health care, and specially palliative care, threaten to topple the existing frail systems.
Is it a surprise that in a nation where three-fourths of the population survive a daily existence, unaware how to “live” a life, there isn’t much thought given to how we die? [..] dignity in death is a pipe dream for those who have to fight for dignity in life…
So writes Ameet Bhuvan from Bhubaneswar, India, in response to a Healthcare Report “How We Are Dying?”, featured in the Outlook magazine, which has picked up on the report from the Economist’s Report and Index on Quality of Death and Dying.
But, Kerala stands as a “beacon of hope”. With only 3% of the country’s population, Kerala is not only the lone state to have a formal palliative care policy in place; it also provides 2/3 of the care services available in India, with the government providing funding for community based care programmes.
It is also one of the first of Indian states to relax narcotics regulation to permit use of morphine by palliative care providers.
More interesting insights into this issue are available at Outlook Magazine: How We Are Dying?.
An article written by Mr T.V. Jayan in Calcutta’s daily newspaper, The Telegraph, refers to the same white paper and deals with the India’s need for palliative care. It describes the development of the palliative care movement in Kerala and talks about the deplorable state of affairs in most of the country:
The article describes the development of the palliative care movement in Kerala and talks about the deplorable state of affairs in most of the country:
PK. Ashokkumar remembers those days so well. He watched his friend’s wife slowly succumb to the rogue cells that were eating up her body. The two doctors tending 28-year-old Soumini Radhakrishnan knew they couldn’t keep her alive, but were determined that she would die with dignity. Kumar watched while they steered her towards a near painless death — giving birth to a movement that has now swept across Kerala.
Mr Nair, a patient with chronic pain and Dr Nirmala, a palliative care physician, at the Onam feast at Trivandrum Institute of Palliative Sciences
Onam is the annual harvest festival of Kerala, one that symbolises plenty, truth and honesty.
The celebrations have started and will reach its peak on “Thiru Onam” on Monday the 23rd of August.
Pallium India wishes all its friends a very happy Onam!
Pain relief is often taken for granted in the Western world, but in about 150 countries the use of morphine is severely restricted, says Tatum Anderson in British Medical Journal, “The politics of pain“.
She investigates how this has come about, and what steps are being taken to stop patients living and dying in extreme pain.
Here is part of what she says about India in the article:
India may be one of the world’s largest legitimate opium growers, but only about 0.4% of the population in need of opioids for pain relief get them, according to figures from 2007.
Restrictions result from an attempt to tackle the growing drugs trade. In 1985 the government passed a law that required pharmacies to have multiple licences from different agencies before they could stock and dispense morphine. The drug then disappeared from the shelves and doctors stopped prescribing it.
Realising the inadvertent consequences of its law, the government then allowed India’s states to amend rules to allow hospices to stock and dispense morphine without complex licensing. The problem is, only a few states have chosen to do so. And the new rules do not affect the onerous pharmacy licensing system, which still applies.
Full text is available if you have access to BMJ here…
The Day Care Centre for cancer patients run by the Department of Palliative Medicine in the Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore celebrated its first anniversary on 4th August 2010.
Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore
At the function, the Principal Health Secretary Shri E V Ramana Reddy said that the State Government, in coordination with the Drugs Control Department would ensure that oral morphine used to alleviate pain in cancer patients will be made available in District and Taluk Hospitals.
Dr K B Lingegowda, Professor and Head of the Dept of Palliative Medicine, Kidwai Institute, said that the institute was the first in the country to start using oral morphine for cancer pain in 1988 and is made available free to patients only in Bangalore, compelling patients from across the state and from nearby states of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu to come all the way to the institute in Bangalore.
Congratulations, Dr Linge Gowda and team, and thank you Mr Ramana Reddy.
It is heartening that awareness about the need for pain relief and for morphine has reached administrators. Of course, it is not only a matter of making morphine available; but also of education of doctors and nurses in those hospitals.
Best wishes for success in your efforts!
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Other reports:
- The Hindu:
- Deccan Herald: Oral morphine for terminally-ill cancer patients
Some time ago, we had reported to you about Project Hamrahi, a mentoring program in which an Australian mentor is to be matched to a budding palliative care center in India with a view to long term relationships and continued support.
Dr Odette Spruyt
Very appropriately, the first ever mentor under the program to visit India has been our long-term friend, Dr Odette Spruyt, Head of Pain and Palliative Care Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.
As we write this, Dr Spruyt is in Patna, at the prestigious Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), where a joint Pallium India-IGIMS palliative care project took off in 2009.
While addressing a lecture at a Continuing Medical Education (CME) programme on “Pain and Palliative Care”, jointly organised by the Dept. of Anaesthesiology and Regional Cancer Centre (RCC), IGIMS, on 31-07-2010, she stressed how imperative it was to provide emotional support to the terminally ill patients of cancer and other fatal diseases, and their family members, in addition to pain management, so that the quality of life of the last days of such patients could improve.
Dr Spruyt has been working with the palliative care team at IGIMS from July 26 for a week. Addressing doctors, nurses, para-medical, staffs and representatives of NGOs, she emphasized the importance of management of cancer patients which also includes all aspects of communication with the patients and the significant role of family members, society and NGOs in alleviating the patient’s suffering. She also threw light on how to deal with the family members after the death of their relatives.
Dr Arun Kumar,Director, IGIMS; Dr R R Prasad, Head, RCC ;Dr Sukumar Jha, HoD, General Surgery, IGIMS,and anaesthesiologists Dr Ajit Gupta and Dr K H Raghvendra also addressed the CME.
